Soec in the high temperature electrolysis hte mode, a number of experiments have been realized at different scales, from cells and single repeating units sru to stack. Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of liquid ammonia. Effect of temperature on the voltage of the electrolytic cell the figures 2, 3 and 4 show the effect of temperature on the cell voltage at different currents. Oxygen handling and cooling options in high temperature electrolysis plants 1. Regulation eec no 406489 merger procedure article 61. Nord, eastern michigan university purpose electrolysis is used to force a nonspontaneous oxidationreduction reaction to occur.
Proton conductor materials for high temperature steam electrolysis instead of using an oxygen conductor electrolyte, another possibility for soec is the use of a proton conductor. Thermodynamics of hightemperature, highpressure water. High temperature electrolysis is more efficient economically than traditional room temperature electrolysis. The purified hydrogen and oxygen can be used in fuel cells to. A low temperature electrolysis process that can be used for producing an alkali metal from an alkali metal halide is provided, which comprises electrolyzing an electrolyte composition comprising at least one alkali metal halide and a coelectrolyte comprising a a halide or halides of group iiia, group ib, or group viii metals and b a halidedonating compound. As for alkaline water electrolysis, it is not practical to expect an electrolyzer to work below the thermoneutral voltage. This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information. Temperature is one of the most important variables in the electrolysis, because the efficiency increases with increasing the temperature 11, due. The operating temperature was 800 c for longterm tests and varied between 750 and. They offer attractive high temperature co electrolysis routes that reduce extra co2 emissions, enable largescale energy storageconversion and. Hydrogen solar hydrogen in addition, we describe a homebrew. Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using solid.
The core of an electrolysis unit is an electrochemical cell, which is filled with pure. Dec 11, 2017 in most cases, such as room temperature water electrolysis, the electric input is larger than the enthalpy change of the reaction, so some energy is released as waste heat. High temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells soecs are advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices with high conversionenergy efficiencies. High temperature electrolysis also hte or steam electrolysis is a technology for producing hydrogen from water at high temperatures. In this case, the reactions that take place in both electrodes are. May 21, 2018 low temperature electrolysis operates at around 70 degrees to 100 degrees celsius and is already commercially available, but process efficiency is only 6080 percent. To develop hightemperature alkaline electrolysis using molten hydroxides in porous metal oxide matrix fy 201819 objectives develop electrolyte support metal oxide matrix evaluate the matrix materials stability in hydroxide electrolyte at 400550 c. Notes 50 electrolysis is a process during which a nonspontaneous redox reaction occurs when electrical energy is supplied. Status, key issues, and challenges subject presentation by monjid hamdan, giner, inc. In addition, we describe a homebrew purification and storage system for the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolyzer. High temperature electrolysis of water and steam may provide an efficient, cost effective and environmentally friendly production of h2 using electricity produced.
Hightemperature steam electrolysis htse, a reversible process of solid oxide fuel cell sofc in principle, is a promising method for highly efficient largescale hydrogen production. Results obtained were then used to make the technical and economical analysis of the hydrogen production by high temperature water electrolysis. High temperature, high pressure electrolysis giner, inc cortney mittelsteadt. Stack performances in high temperature steam electrolysis and. At the cathode side the protons and electrons recombine to produce the. The second b operates an electrolysis cell at atmospheric pressure with subsequent mechanical compression of product gases including the oxygen. Hightemperature electrolytic water splitting supported by.
Electrolysis of water is an important tool for automotive hydrogen refueling and renewable energy storage applications. High temperature steam electrolysis uses this principle and by supplying part of the energy with heat, it reduces cell voltage. Electrolysis of molten nacl an example of this type of reaction is the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. The inl high temperature electrolysis project history and background inl served as the lead laboratory for high temperature electrolysis hte research and development from 2003 2009, under the doe nuclear hydrogen initiative nhi during fy09, hte was selected by doe as the primary nuclear hydrogen. Pdf hydrogen production by high temperature electrolysis. Hightemperature electrolysis for hydrogen production materials drivers for hightemperature electrolysis. Jul 01, 2008 idaho national laboratory is working on a project to generate hydrogen by high temperature electrolysis hte.
Also, high temperature electrolysis is more efficient economically than it would be at room temperature. Theory of water electrolysis the electrolysis of water is considered a wellknown principle to produce oxygen and hydrogen gas. Hightemp electrolysis combines with solarthermal steam. High temperature electrolysis for efficient hydrogen. Hydrogen production using hightemperature steam hightemperature.
For purposes of the analysis, the available electrolysis systems were categorized into five different size ranges. The moles of the chemicals which are oxidized and reduced are compared with theoretical yields. I have read that combining the dc current with a high frequency ac current, the electrolysis of water speeds up. Oxygen handling and cooling options in high temperature. A solid oxide electrolysis cell soec, operating between 500 and 900 c, is used to reduce carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. What effect does temperature have on electrolysis of an. Electrolysis is a wellknown process to split water h 2 o into hydrogen h 2 and oxygen o 2 by using electrical energy. Highly efficient high temperature electrolysis request pdf. Pdf hightemperature electrolysis for hydrogen production from. Therefore, electricity generated by the renewable energy is either directly merged into the grid. Hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis scielo. Pdf highly efficient high temperature hydrogen production. High temperature electrolysis of carbon dioxide, or coelectrolysis of carbon dioxide and steam, has a great potential for carbon dioxide utilisation. A perspective on hydrogen production via high temperature.
In such an hte system, safety precautions need to be taken to handle high temperature oxygen at 830c. Geothermal energy can be used to assist electrolysis of hydrogen by the use of steam turbine electricity generation and high temperature electrolysis or by solid state methods capable of using. This will combine the advantages of alkaline and pem cells. The separation of aluminium from oxygen is accomplished by high temperature electrolysis.
Solid oxide electrolysis operates at high pressure and high temperatures 500 850 c. Mougin cealiten, 17 rue des martyrs, f38054 grenoble cedex 9, france abstract high temperature steam electrolysis htse, based on solid oxide electrolysis soe is a promising way to. High temperature electrolysis is more efficient economically than traditional room temperature electrolysis because some of the energy is supplied as heat, which is cheaper than electricity, and because the electrolysis reaction is more efficient at higher temperatures. Stack performances in high temperature steam electrolysis and co electrolysis m. Dec 14, 2015 high pressure electrolysis also called high pressure electrolysis hpe is the water electrolysis performed at pressures higher than ambient in which electrical energy is the driving force of the water decomposition to produce oxygen o 2 and hydrogen h 2. Aluminum can be shipped in its molten form in insulated ladles directly to a users plant, or it can be cast into ingots rectangular, rolling slab rectangular, or billets. High temperature steam electrolysis htse, a reversible process of solid oxide fuel cell sofc in principle, is a promising method for highly efficient largescale hydrogen production. Therefore, adding the heat energy to the electrical energy increases the rate of reaction. Core technology high temperature electrolysis soec globally not available slide 9. Hightemperature electrolysis is a technology for producing hydrogen from water at high temperatures. Two less technologically mature but very promising electrolysis concepts are also pursued. In the case of electrolysis of steam into hydrogen and oxygen at high temperature, the opposite is true. On the other hand, electrolysis using exclusively renewable energy would have limited applications since they must be linked directly to a renewable energy source.
A perspective on hydrogen production via high temperature steam electrolysis. Electrolysis reactions usually require quite a bit of energy. Oct 23, 2015 it increases the efficiency of the electrolysis reactionprocess. Oxygen is the charge carrier, rather than hydrogen this requires high temperatures, but no use of strategic metals lowfootprint for this system, it is adaptable to many scales highest efficiency for electrolysis. High temperature electrolysis soec development status christian walter 20140410 co 2. In this cell the anode is carbon and the cathode is iron. The hydrogen production efficiency of a high temperature electrolysis hte system, connected to a high temperature gas reactor, should be greater than that of a conventional water electrolysis. Directly coupled to hightemperature gascooled reactor for electrical power and process heat 600 mwth reactor could produce 85 million scfd 2. High temperature electrolysis for hydrogen production from nuclear energytechnology summary.
High temperature water electrolysis using metal supported. Introduction to oxygen handling idaho national laboratory inl is working on a project to generate hydrogen by high temperature electrolysis hte. High temperature electrolysis, brayton power cycle and methanol production vujicic r. Longterm electrolysis tests were performed by monitoring the cell voltage as a function of time. Highpressure electrolysis hpe is the electrolysis of water by decomposition of water h 2 o into oxygen o 2 and hydrogen gas h 2 due to the passing of an electric current through the water. The difference with a standard proton exchange membrane electrolyzer is the compressed hydrogen output around 1220 megapascals 120200 bar. Simple electrolyzer model development for hightemperature. The longterm objective of this project is to develop a high efficiency steam electrolyzer for carbonfree production of hydrogen.
The researchers generated the 750 degrees celsius steam required for electrolysis by exploiting solar heat and the heat of the high temperature electrolysis unit. With proper aftertreatment, the gases produced can be stored safely. The current membranes for electrolysis suffer from low efficiency, low mechanical strength and high hydrogen crossover at the high pressures needed for direct refueling. Us6787019b2 low temperature alkali metal electrolysis. The first strategy a operates an electrolysis cell in a pressurized state by running feedwater through a pump. For liquid ammonia the energy consumption of ammonia production from natural gas as a feedstock is 28. Obrien je, stoots cm, herring js, mc kellar mg, harvego ea, sohai ms, condie kg. Provisions are allowed to accommodate elevated operating temperature. Kazimi massachusetts institute of technology, center for advanced nuclear. Water electrolysis is one of the simplest methods used for hydrogen.
High temperature electrolysis for hydrogen production. High temperature high efficiency pem electrolysis sbir. Temperature as a factor determining on water electrolysis. If the water can be converted into steam by waste heat from other processes it is more efficient to perform a high temperature electrolysis hte and convert the steam directly. Conventional electrolysis is available today high temperature electrolysis is under development and will be more efficient hte experimental results from 25cell stack, 2x60cell halfmodule and 4x60cell full module, fabricated by ceramatec, hydrogen production greater than 800 normal litershour was. This report is aimed at addressing oxygen handling in a hte plant though oxygen itself is not flammable, most engineering material, including many gases and liquids, will burn in.
Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using. High temperature electrolysis is under development and will be more efficient hte experimental results from 25cell stack and 2x60cell halfmodule, fabricated by ceramatec, hydrogen production rates in excess of 160 normal litershour were maintained with a 25cell solidoxide electrolysis stack for hours. A conceptual diagram of such a system is shown in figure 1. Pdf an experimental study is under way to assess the performance of solid oxide. Data acquisition and instrument control were implemented for these tests using a. Major concerns are rapid cell degradation sintering, pore consolidation, cr. Hightemperature electrolysis, hydrogen production, nuclear energy. High temperature electrolysis at eifer, main achievements at cell and stack level.
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